腹壁可聚焦肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 叉尿管肺部A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )叉尿管肺部见于叉和尿道之间，并不一定坐落于叉尿管的下1/3 ，但也可见于数坐落于叉下。这些肺部可发挥为几乎无回波或低回波。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 左图11A，叉尿管肺部，此肺部已受感染，内部含微弱回波的液体。B，叉尿管肺部，错愕的肺部前壁产生反射伪影。

..Endometriosis血管壁血管壁乳癌Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).十二指肠血管壁血管壁乳癌是血管壁疗程后的长期合并症，无特别发挥，但可于以前疗程的瘢痕靠近见一局部肿物，并有周期连续性的疼痛和肿胀。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 左图12 ，剖宫产纹身靠近血管壁血管壁乳癌

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 十二指肠血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可暴发头痛连续性肠胃后、喷嚏或癫痫头痛后，其某种程度并不一定是抗凝放射治疗或出血连续性病因。由于血肿容许于腹直肌鞘内，并不一定不很大，其椭圆形根据所靠近位置而定，在弓状两条路线以上，血肿常为卵圆形，天文单位黄绿色上下方向，可于一侧碰见（左图13A）；在弓状两条路线所列，由于腹前头缺如，可延展直扑中所两条路线，因此血肿发挥为分叶状，其最大长度坐落于中所点上。在患儿十二指肠血肿可见于叉上外侧延展（左图13B、C）。术后弥散连续性心肌内心肌的病人可于十二指肠疗程瘢痕靠近碰见大的血肿（左图13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 左图13A，一中所年妇女炽热肠胃后腹直肌鞘血肿，箭头务必腹横筋膜。B，患儿十二指肠血肿。C，一患儿叉导管附着靠近上面的十二指肠血肿。UV，叉导管。D，一弥散连续性心肌内心肌的剖宫产术后病人疤痕靠近十二指肠血肿。

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